Relação entre atividade física, obesidade e densidade mineral óssea em adolescentes de Curitiba e região metropolitana

Abstract

The majority of the world and Brazil children and adolescents like in the majority of the world have been demonstration significant weight gain mainly due to physical inactivity, sedentarism and/or hypercaloric diet. Physical activity guidelines such as some from the who, World Health Organization (WHO), New Zealand and Chile. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify if the practice of physical activity, in therefore with guidelines, has an impact on Bone Mineral Density (BMD). An exploratory study was developed with adolescents at both sexes 12 to 17 years old. The fat percentage and the BMD were measured using the DXA. Physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAC) adapted for this study. Classification has been made using three guidelines (WHO, New Zealand and Chile). The sample consisted of 398 individuals of both sexes (277 males and 121 females), with an average age of 14.84±1,53 years. The fat percentage was 24,38±8,28%. The BMD average boys was 1,068±0,137g/cm³, while to girls BMD was 1,010±0,113g/cm³. The BMD of adolescents classified as active was higher, regardless of the guideline adopted. For girls, this did not happen only for those classified as active under the New Zealand guideline. However, significant statistical differences were found only in BMD among male adolescents, classified as active and inactive by the New Zealand classification (p = 0.046). Due to the results found, it is suggested the implementation of public policies according to WHO guidelines, stimulating the regular practice of physical activity and physical exercise. Adolescents classified as active according to this guideline, when compared to inactive, had lower G% and higher BMD, regardless of sex.