Diagnóstico e proposição de melhorias no sistema de tratamento de efluentes de um abatedouro e frigorífico de aves

Abstract

Among the several branches of the Brazilian agroindustry, one of the highlights is the slaughter and industrialization of poultry meat, during the course of its production process, several environmental aspects can be generated, with industrial liquid effluents being one of the largest and most serious causes of contamination to the environment, where they present high values of organic matter and nutrients, which requires considerable investments in the treatment systems to meet the launching standards. Thus, the present study aims to characterize an effluent plant of a slaughterhouse and poultry slaughterhouse in western Paraná, seeking to evaluate its efficiency and to prepare a prognosis, aiming at the removal of pollutants. Based on the detailed diagnosis, performed through the collection and analysis of the data based on structural design parameters, as well as information collected “in loco” and provided by the company. After the evaluation of the system, it was identified that the system of the three anaerobic ponds in the secondary treatment, presented a low hydraulic detention time and an inefficient removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand, which ends up causing insufficient time for sedimentation of the solids and difficulty for the degradation of anaerobic microorganisms. In addition to that related to the activated sludge system, they present low rates of nitrogen conversion, necessitating the denitrification process. Therefore, with the detailed evaluation of the system, it was proposed the alteration of the anaerobic lagoons by an anaerobic UASB reactor, the implementation of anoxic and aerated reactors for the Bardenpho process formation or the performance of denitrification in the secondary settler. In addition to adding sampling points and physico-chemical parameters evaluated at all treatment levels in order to have a more complete evaluation of the effluent treatment system of the industry, thus reducing the risks of environmental impacts on the receiving bodies.