O uso da probabilidade visando uma aproximação para o número Pi: uma análise das agulhas de Buffon e do método de Monte Carlo

Abstract

This work aims to study the experiment of the Buffon’s needles and the Monte Carlo Method; ways that aim to obtain approximations to the π number. Thus, carrying out an exploratory research in order to explain the methods analyzed, investigating the bibliographic and theoretical material on the subject. In addition to presenting some curiosities and a bit of history of the π number. Also, describing the demonstrations of Buffon’s experiment by calculating a trigonometric integral and by expectancy. And presenting the probability involved in the two methods, such as geometric probability and the strong law of large numbers. Not only present the attempts made in the past by some mathematicians and their results obtained, but also the importance of computing in the processing and optimization of methods, as well as some didactic applications in the classroom of basic education. The difference in not having a needle, in the case of the Monte Carlo Method and the conclusions about when we change the shapes of Buffon’s needles.