Degradação de corantes têxteis por bactérias isoladas do ambiente

Abstract

The textile industry is one of those that most pollutes water resources, representing 20% of water pollution in the industrial sector, estimating the disposal of more than two thousand different types of dyes, considering the reactive dyes as the most dangerous. The types of effluent treatment are wide, but none with total effectiveness, as well as the physical-chemical treatments that about 90% of the dyes pass unscathed from this process. Therefore the investment in microbiological treatment for textile effluents has been increasing more and more, focusing on the biodegradation of textile dyes, considering that this process is of fast replication and low cost. Thus the present study aims to isolate bacteria from the environment with potential degradation of textile dyes. The dyes chosen for this work are the reactive yellow BF-3R, reactive blue BF-5G and reactive red BF-4B. The bacteria were isolated from samples of decomposing green matter in a woodland region near the State University of Londrina, city of Londrina-PR. The isolates were incubated in petri plates containing the chosen dyes, and the two isolates that stood out the most underwent the liquid decolorization process, where aliquots of 1ml were taken at 8, 24 and 48 hours and scanned in the UV-VIS. For the decolorization efficiency the formula described by Schmidt was used. No degradation of the reactive yellow dye was observed under the conditions tested in this study. The results of decolorization of the reactive red and reactive blue dyes were promising, obtaining results of decolorization as early as 8 hours of incubation with a 80% or above efficiency for both dyes and isolates. Given the results presented in this study, we can conclude that the data presented an optimistic path in the perspective of using these bacteria for bioremediation of reactive dyes.