Análise comparativa entre projetos de pontes de diferentes materiais com vistas à construção sustentável

Abstract

This work is about the study of bridge projects using different materials, developing a comparative analysis between them. The main purpose of this study is to compare the sustainable performance of bridge superstructures constructed of wood, prefabricated concrete and mixed steel/concrete, through the adoption of bridge models and the environmental and economic analysis of each one. For such, the following methods were adopted: development of the materials quantitative, accomplishment of the environmental impacts analysis from the quantitative and the values that each material presents per unit of mass in each parameter and composition of the economic analysis based on the material and labor costs of each project. As outcome, a comparison of all the bridge models for three different spans is presented. In the environmental dimension, projects were compared through performance presented in parameters established within three categories. However, these parameters are measured by different units and, therefore, the comparison was made by parameter, it is not possible to choose the structure with the most satisfactory global environmental behavior through this methodology. In the economic sphere, the wooden bridge was the one that presented the lowest price in every spans analyzed. In relation to bridges in prefabricated concrete and mixed steel/concrete, the lowest price varies according to the span. The evaluation from the social point of view was disregarded by this study because of the difficulty in establishing social parameters in a qualitative way, since they have a purely subjective character.